Sodium sulfate is commonly referred to as sodium sulfate

　　Sodium sulfate (Na ₂ SO ₄) is a salt formed by the combination of sulfate ions and sodium ions. Sodium sulfate is soluble in water and its aqueous solution is neutral, soluble in glycerol but not in ethanol. Inorganic compound, Anhydrous with high purity and fine particles, is called sodium sulfate. Yuanming powder is a white, odorless, bitter crystalline or powder with hygroscopic properties. The appearance is colorless, transparent, large crystals or granular small crystals. Sodium sulfate is prone to absorb water when exposed to air, resulting in the formation of sodium sulfate decahydrate, also known as mirabilite. It is mainly used for manufacturing water glass, glass, enamel, pulp, refrigeration mixture, detergent, desiccant, dye diluent, Analytical chemistry reagent, medicine, feed, etc. At 241 ℃, sodium sulfate will transform into hexagonal crystals. Sodium sulfate is the most commonly used post-treatment desiccant in organic synthesis laboratories.

　　Chinese Name: Sodium Sulfate

　　English name: Sodium sulfonate; Sodium sulfonate anhfrous

　　Alternative name: Glauber's salt

　　Chemical formula: Na2SO4

　　Molecular weight: 142.04

　　CAS login number: 7757-82-6

　　EINECS login number: 231-820-9

　　Melting point: 884 ℃

　　Boiling point: 1404 ℃

　　Water solubility: soluble in water

　　Density: 2.68

　　Appearance: Colorless transparent crystal

　　Application: commonly used post-treatment desiccants

　　Hazard description: Low toxicity

　　RTECS number: WE1650000

　　PubChem number: 24852268

　　MDL number: MFCD00003504

　　Physical and chemical properties

　　physical property

　　Appearance and properties: Monoclinic crystal system, short columnar crystal, compact block or shell like aggregate, colorless and transparent, sometimes with light yellow or green, easily soluble in water. White, odorless, bitter crystalline or powder with hygroscopicity. The appearance is colorless, transparent, large crystals or granular small crystals. Sodium sulfate is a strong acid and alkali salt of Oxyacid.

　　Structure: monoclinic, rhombic or Hexagonal crystal family.

　　Solution: Sodium sulfate solution is a colorless solution.

　　Melting point: 884 ℃ (heptahydrate to anhydrous at 24.4 ℃, decahydrate to 32.38 ℃, loss of 10H2O at 100 ℃)

　　Boiling point: 1404 ℃

　　Relative density: 2.68g/cm3

　　Thermodynamic function (298.15K, 100kPa):

　　Standard molar heat of formation Δ FHm θ (kJ · mol): -1387.1

　　Gibbs free energy of standard molar formation Δ FGm θ (kJ · mol ^ -1): -1270.2

　　Standard entropy Sm θ (J · mol ^ -1 · K ^ -1): 149.6

　　Solubility: insoluble in ethanol, soluble in water, and soluble in glycerol.

　　Water of crystallization: below 24 ℃: 7H2O

　　Below 32.4 ℃: 10H2O anhydrous sodium sulfate or 1H2O

　　chemical property

　　Salt metathesis reaction: BaCl2+Na2SO4=BaSO4 ↓+2NaCl;

　　Stability: Stable, insoluble in strong acids, aluminum, and magnesium, hygroscopic. Exposed to the air, it easily absorbs moisture and becomes hydrated sodium sulfate. At 241 ℃, it transforms into hexagonal crystals. Anhydrous with high purity and fine particles is called sodium sulfate. Extremely soluble in water. It feels cool. The taste is refreshing and salty. It is prone to hydration in humid air and transforms into a powder like hydrated sodium sulfate covering the surface. Thénardite is produced in salt lakes containing sodium sulfate brine, and coexists with mirabilite, glauberite, Epsomite salt, sodium sulfate, gypsum, salt magnesium mirabilite, rock salt, soda, etc; It can also be dehydrated from mirabilite; There is a small amount of production around the Fumarole.

　　Toxicity: Non toxic

　　Toxicological data: Oral LD50 5989mg/kg in mice

　　Ecological data: It is slightly harmful to water, and materials should not be discharged into the surrounding environment without government permission.

　　In addition, Na2SO4 can also be dissolved in water as an electrolyte.

　　Main purpose

　　1. The chemical industry is used to manufacture Sodium sulfide Sodium metasilicate water glass and other chemical products.

　　2. A cooking agent used in the papermaking industry to manufacture kraft pulp.

　　3. The glass industry uses it as a solvent instead of soda ash.

　　4. Textile manufacturing is used to prepare Vinylon spinning coagulant.

　　5. Used in non-ferrous metal metallurgy, leather, and other fields.

　　6. It is used to make Sodium sulfide, paper pulp, glass, water glass, porcelain glaze, as well as a laxative and Antidote for barium salt poisoning. It is a byproduct of the production of hydrochloric acid from table salt and sulfuric acid. In chemical industry, it is used to manufacture Sodium sulfide, Sodium metasilicate, etc. The laboratory is used to wash off barium salts. In industry, it is used as raw material to produce NaOH and H ₂ SO ₄, and also used in paper making, glass, printing and dyeing, Synthetic fiber, leather making, etc. Sodium sulfate is the most commonly used post-treatment desiccant in organic synthesis laboratories. [3]

　　7. Mainly used as a filling material for synthetic detergents. A cooking agent used in the papermaking industry to manufacture kraft pulp. The glass industry is used to replace soda ash. The chemical industry is used as raw material for manufacturing Sodium sulfide, Sodium metasilicate and other chemical products. Textile manufacturing is used to prepare Vinylon spinning coagulation bath. The pharmaceutical industry is used as a laxative. It is also used in non-ferrous metallurgy, leather, and other fields.

　　8. The hydration product Calcium aluminates sulfate is generated more quickly, thus accelerating the hydration and hardening speed of cement. The dosage of sodium sulfate is generally 0.5% to 2% of the cement mass, which can improve the early strength of concrete by 50% to 100%. The 28 day strength sometimes increases or decreases, with an increase of about 10%, which varies with the type of cement, curing conditions, and dosage. It is also used as filler of synthetic detergent, as well as in paper industry, glass industry, chemical industry, Textile manufacturing and pharmaceutical industry.

　　9. Used as analytical reagents, such as dehydrating agents, digestion catalysts for nitrogen determination, and interference inhibitors in atomic absorption spectroscopy analysis. It is also used in the pharmaceutical industry.

　　10. It is used in chemical industry, paper making and glass, dyestuff, printing and dyeing and pharmaceutical industries. It is also used in the manufacture of Synthetic fiber, leather making, nonferrous metallurgy, enamel, etc. It is also used as an additive in detergents and soaps.

　　11. It can be used as a buffer in sulfate zinc plating to stabilize the pH value of the plating solution.

　　matters needing attention

　　Hazard Overview

　　Health hazard: Irritating to eyes and skin. Low toxicity.

　　Environmental hazard: It is harmful to the environment and can cause pollution to the atmosphere.

　　Explosion hazard: This product is non flammable and irritating.

　　Other: This substance is harmful to the environment and special attention should be paid to atmospheric pollution.

　　Risk terminology

　　Safety sign: S24/25

　　Hazard sign: R36/37/38

　　Storage and transportation characteristics

　　Transportation precautions: The packaging should be complete during transportation and the loading should be stable. During transportation, it is necessary to ensure that the container does not leak, collapse, fall, or be damaged. It is strictly prohibited to mix and transport with acids, edible chemicals, etc. During transportation, it is necessary to prevent exposure to sunlight, rain, and high temperatures. The vehicle should be thoroughly cleaned after transportation.

　　Precautions for operation

　　Close operation and strengthen ventilation. Operators must undergo specialized training and strictly adhere to operating procedures. It is recommended that operators wear self-priming filter type Dust mask, chemical safety goggles, anti poison penetration work clothes and rubber gloves. Avoid generating dust. Avoid contact with acids. Light loading and unloading during transportation to prevent packaging damage. Equipped with leakage emergency response equipment. Empty containers may have residual harmful substances. When the dust concentration in the air exceeds the standard, you must wear a self-priming filtering Dust mask. During emergency rescue or evacuation, a gas mask should be worn.

　　Storage precautions

　　Store in a cool and ventilated warehouse. Keep away from sparks and heat sources. It should be stored separately from acids and should not be mixed. The storage area should be equipped with suitable materials to contain leaks.

　　First aid measures

　　Skin contact: Remove contaminated clothing and rinse with plenty of flowing water.

　　Eye contact: Lift the eyelids and rinse with flowing water or physiological saline. Seek medical attention.

　　Inhalation: Remove from the site to a place with fresh air. If breathing is difficult, administer oxygen. Seek medical attention.

　　Ingestion: Drink plenty of warm water, rinse and induce vomiting; Or drink milk or egg white. Seek medical attention.

　　Fire protection measures

　　Hazardous characteristics: There are no special combustion and explosion characteristics. Toxic sulfide fumes are generated by high-temperature decomposition.

　　Harmful combustion products: sulfides.

　　Fire extinguishing method: Firefighters must wear full body fire and gas resistant clothing and extinguish the fire upwind. When extinguishing a fire, try to move the container from the fire site to an open area as much as possible.

　　Emergency response

　　Isolate the contaminated area and restrict access. It is recommended that emergency personnel wear dust masks (full face masks) and gas protective clothing. Avoid raising dust, sweep carefully, place in a bag and transfer to a safe place. If there is a large amount of leakage, cover it with plastic cloth or canvas. Collect, recycle or transport to a waste disposal site for disposal. If there is a leak, dispose of it using a safe burial method after neutralization.